UK: Wage growth shaped by multitude of factors - ING

James Smith, Developed Markets Economist at ING, lists down the five factors that they think could be playing a role in shaping UK wage growth.

Key Quotes

“The jobs market is extremely tight

The optimistic explanation for the recent pick-up in wage growth, and the one favoured by the Bank of England, is that companies are increasingly having to lift pay packets to retain key staff members and attract new talent. And there are certainly signs that this may be the case. The Bank's own Agents survey points to the strongest year for pay settlements since the crisis, meanwhile the latest Markit/REC employment survey indicated that starting salaries for permanent jobs are rising at the fastest rate in two-and-a-half years.”

“Raising pay to match the cost of living

Another possible explanation for the stronger momentum is that employers are increasingly feeling the pressure to raise wages in line with the cost of the living. At the end of 2016, headline inflation was still well below 2% (although clearly rising), whereas CPI is now up around 3%. In the latest BoE agents survey, consumer price expectations are cited as a key factor that could drive labour costs higher in 2018.”

“A slowing jobs market?

• Is the economic weakness of last year beginning to take its toll on hiring? That certainly seemed a possibility towards the end of 2017: employment began to fall and the Manpower hiring survey showed employer confidence at a five-year low. Since then though, we saw a huge 102k rebound in employment in the latest numbers (although we suspect some of this could be down to statistical rather than fundamental factors) and the PMIs have painted a healthier picture of the jobs market.”
• For now, we're inclined to say the decline in hiring at the end of last year was a blip rather than anything more sinister. But if we're wrong and the jobs market does show further signs of weakness, that would have negative implications for wages.”

“A low starting point

This time last year, the story on UK wage growth was quite different. Between the November 2016 and February 2017 labour reports, the absolute level of regular pay was virtually unchanged at £469 a week. So whilst the year-on-year wage growth figures may well pick-up in the next few reports, this says as much about last year's weakness as it does strong momentum now. It's worth noting too that the higher minimum wage has played a role in lifting pay packets over the past six-nine months. With all of this in mind, policymakers are increasingly focussing on alternative measures of pay momentum - for example, the 3M/3M annualised rate of wage growth - as a better guide of the current trend.”

“Uncertainty and sluggish demand

Whilst the overall jobs market remains tight, we suspect some firms will continue to take a more cautious approach to wage setting. The economic outlook remains mixed (the large consumer sector still struggling), input costs continue to rise, and uncertainty surrounding Brexit remains elevated. This could keep a lid on wage growth over the next few months, although admittedly the latest Agents survey suggests these factors will be less of a constraint this year.”

“The reality is probably a mixture of all these factors, although we agree the recent evidence suggests the positives are outweighing the negatives. We'd still caution that it is early days, and that the Bank of England's 3% wage growth forecast for this year still seems a bit of a tall order. But when it comes to interest rates, we doubt the data over the next couple of months will prompt policymakers to rethink their positive outlook for pay.”