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Mexican Peso counterattacks as the Federal Reserve shifted dovish

Most recent article: Mexican Peso falls against US Dollar on solid US economic data ahead of Banxico decision

  • Mexican Peso stages a comeback after the US Federal Reserve’s decision to hold rates.
  • The Federal Reserve hinted it ended its tightening cycle and opened the door to three rate cuts.
  • USD/MXN plunged sharply from around daily highs toward the 17.20 area.

Mexican Peso (MXN) rallied sharply against the US Dollar (USD) as the Federal Reserve telegraphed they finished its tightening cycle, though “some” uncertainty surrounds Chair Jerome Powell’s press conference. At the time of writing, the USD/MXN is trading at 17.25, losing 0.26% on the day.

The Federal Reserve decided to keep rates unchanged at around 5.25% 5-50%, acknowledging that growth and the labor market are easing while stating that although inflation is lower, remains elevated. Nevertheless, the Fed surprised the markets as they see monetary policy as sufficiently restrictive, as revealed by the Summary of Economic Projections (SEP), while opening the door for three rate cuts for the next year.

Mexico’s economic docket remains scarce, yet on Thursday, the Bank of Mexico (Banxico) will announce its verdict on monetary policy and is expected to keep rates unchanged. The latest Mexican economic indicators show the economy remains resilient, with inflation above the central bank’s target. In addition, PMIs remained at expansionary territory, and Industrial Production smashed estimates, portraying an optimistic economic outlook for the country.

Daily digest movers: Mexican Peso benefits as the Fed expect three rate cuts in 2024

  • In the monetary policy statement, Fed officials stated the held monetary policy unchanged at the 5.25% - 5.50% range for the third consecutive meeting.
  • The US central banks stated they would remain data-dependent to set monetary policy in the upcoming year and continue to reduce their balance sheet as previously described. In contrast, they said their commitment to bring inflation towards its 2% goal.
  • The Summary of Economic Projections (SEP) confirmed the Fed had finished its tightening cycle, as most officials estimate the federal funds rate (FFR) to be at 5.4% for the rest of 2023.
  • For 2024, the US central bank projects they would cut rates by 72 basis points, from the FFR effective rate of 5.33% to 4.61%.
  • In other projections, growth is foreseen to rise to 2.6% from September 2.1%, while headline inflation is expected to dip below 3% from 3.3% and core to slid towards 3.2% from 3.7%, with both readings projected to reduce compared to September.
  • In September, the SEP showed that most Fed officials estimate the federal funds rate (FFR) to be at around 5.6% by the end of 2023. If policymakers keep the projections unchanged, that could be perceived as hawkish, and the USD/MXN could aim higher.
  • Fed Chair Powell is expected to push back against speculations of looser monetary policy. Instead, he would stick to its previous stance of “we are prepared to tighten policy further if it becomes appropriate to do so.”
  • The US Producer Price Index (PPI) inflation for November dipped in annual and monthly readings, in contrast to consumer inflation, which delivered mixed readings. The core Consumer Price Index (CPI) stands stubbornly at around 4%.
  • Money market futures estimate the Fed will slash rates by 130 basis points toward the end of next year.
  • A Reuters poll showed that 23 of 25 analysts expect the Bank of Mexico would keep rates at 11.25% unchanged, while one estimates a rate cut to 11%. Annual inflation ticked up to 4.32% in November, though it didn’t dent policymakers' intentions to ease policy next year if data confirms the disinflation process.

Technical analysis: Mexican Peso climbs as the USD/MXN tumbles and extends losses below the 100-day SMA

The USD/MXN is neutral to upward biased despite sitting below key technical levels, like the 100, 200, and 50-day Simple Moving Averages (SMAs). Given the fundamental backdrop, if the Fed struck a hawkish message, the pair could rally and break each of the previously mentioned levels at 17.40, 17.54, and 17.64, respectively. Once cleared, the next resistance level would be the psychological 18.00 figure.

On the other hand, failure to reclaim the 100-day SMA could see sellers drag prices toward the 17.20 area, ahead of a strong demand region at around the 17.00/05 range. Once hurdled, the USD/MXN could test the year-to-date (YTD) low of 16.62.

Interest rates FAQs

What are interest rates?

Interest rates are charged by financial institutions on loans to borrowers and are paid as interest to savers and depositors. They are influenced by base lending rates, which are set by central banks in response to changes in the economy. Central banks normally have a mandate to ensure price stability, which in most cases means targeting a core inflation rate of around 2%.
If inflation falls below target the central bank may cut base lending rates, with a view to stimulating lending and boosting the economy. If inflation rises substantially above 2% it normally results in the central bank raising base lending rates in an attempt to lower inflation.

How do interest rates impact currencies?

Higher interest rates generally help strengthen a country’s currency as they make it a more attractive place for global investors to park their money.

How do interest rates influence the price of Gold?

Higher interest rates overall weigh on the price of Gold because they increase the opportunity cost of holding Gold instead of investing in an interest-bearing asset or placing cash in the bank.
If interest rates are high that usually pushes up the price of the US Dollar (USD), and since Gold is priced in Dollars, this has the effect of lowering the price of Gold.

What is the Fed Funds rate?

The Fed funds rate is the overnight rate at which US banks lend to each other. It is the oft-quoted headline rate set by the Federal Reserve at its FOMC meetings. It is set as a range, for example 4.75%-5.00%, though the upper limit (in that case 5.00%) is the quoted figure.
Market expectations for future Fed funds rate are tracked by the CME FedWatch tool, which shapes how many financial markets behave in anticipation of future Federal Reserve monetary policy decisions.

Author

Christian Borjon Valencia

Markets analyst, news editor, and trading instructor with over 14 years of experience across FX, commodities, US equity indices, and global macro markets.

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