PBOC sets USD/CNY reference rate at 7.1919 vs. 7.1903 previous

Haresh Menghani FXStreet

On Friday, the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) set the USD/CNY central rate for the trading session ahead at 7.1919 as compared to the previous day's fix of 7.1903 and 7.2151 Reuters estimate.

PBOC FAQs

What does the People's Bank of China do?

The primary monetary policy objectives of the People's Bank of China (PBoC) are to safeguard price stability, including exchange rate stability, and promote economic growth. China’s central bank also aims to implement financial reforms, such as opening and developing the financial market.

Who owns the PBoC?

The PBoC is owned by the state of the People's Republic of China (PRC), so it is not considered an autonomous institution. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Committee Secretary, nominated by the Chairman of the State Council, has a key influence on the PBoC’s management and direction, not the governor. However, Mr. Pan Gongsheng currently holds both of these posts.

What are the main policy tools used by the PBoC?

Unlike the Western economies, the PBoC uses a broader set of monetary policy instruments to achieve its objectives. The primary tools include a seven-day Reverse Repo Rate (RRR), Medium-term Lending Facility (MLF), foreign exchange interventions and Reserve Requirement Ratio (RRR). However, The Loan Prime Rate (LPR) is China’s benchmark interest rate. Changes to the LPR directly influence the rates that need to be paid in the market for loans and mortgages and the interest paid on savings. By changing the LPR, China’s central bank can also influence the exchange rates of the Chinese Renminbi.

Are private banks allowed in China?

Yes, China has 19 private banks – a small fraction of the financial system. The largest private banks are digital lenders WeBank and MYbank, which are backed by tech giants Tencent and Ant Group, per The Straits Times. In 2014, China allowed domestic lenders fully capitalized by private funds to operate in the state-dominated financial sector.

Author

Haresh Menghani

FXStreet

Haresh Menghani is a detail-oriented professional with 10+ years of extensive experience in analysing the global financial markets.

Markets move fast. We move first.

Orange Juice Newsletter brings you expert driven insights - not headlines. Every day on your inbox.

Editor's Picks

EUR/USD gathers strength above 1.1750 as Fed rate cut prospects pressure US Dollar

The EUR/USD pair trades in positive territory around 1.1775 during the early Asian session on Monday. The prospect of a US Federal Reserve rate cut in 2026 weighs on the US Dollar against the Euro. Markets brace for US President Donald Trump to nominate a Fed chair to replace Jerome Powell, whose term ends in May.

GBP/USD edges lower near 0.7400, eyes Fed rate cut outlook

GBP/USD edges lower after a gap-up open, trading around 0.7410 during the Asian hours on Monday. However, the pair may gain ground as the US Dollar faces challenges, which could be attributed to growing expectations of two more rate cuts by the Federal Reserve in 2026.

Gold retreats from record highs, heads toward $4,550

Gold retreats after setting a new record-high at $4,550 earlier in the Asian session on Monday and eases toward $4,500 as trading volumes thin out ahead of the New Year break. The US Dollar bearish bias remains unabated on the back of dovish Fed expectations, which continues to act as a tailwind for the bullion amid persistent geopolitical risks.

Ethereum Annual Price Forecast: ETH poised for growth in 2026 amid regulatory clarity and institutional adoption

Ethereum lost 12% of its value in 2025, declining from $3,336 at the beginning of the year to $2,930 as of the third week of December, a stark contrast from 2024's 48% gain. But that percentage doesn't do justice to the wild year ETH had in 2025.

Economic outlook 2026-2027 in advanced countries: Solidity test

After a year marked by global economic resilience and ending on a note of optimism, 2026 looks promising and could be a year of solid economic performance. In our baseline scenario, we expect most of the supportive factors at work in 2025 to continue to play a role in 2026.

Avalanche struggles near $12 as Grayscale files updated form for ETF

Avalanche trades close to $12 by press time on Wednesday, extending the nearly 2% drop from the previous day. Grayscale filed an updated form to convert its Avalanche-focused Trust into an ETF with the US Securities and Exchange Commission.