Japanese Yen comes under pressure as BoJ division, unexpected current account deficit
- USD/JPY rises as split BoJ board views on future rate hikes keep the Yen on the defensive.
- Japan logged an unexpected June current account deficit of JPY 92.3 billion, its first in 17 months, on large foreign dividend payouts.
- Escalating US-Iran tensions boost the Dollar, driving the USD/JPY pair higher.
USD/JPY gains ground after registering modest losses in the previous day, trading around 158.20 during the Asian hours on Monday. The pair remains stronger as the Japanese Yen (JPY) holds losses following the release of the Bank of Japan’s (BoJ) Summary of Opinions from its July 30–31 monetary policy meeting.
The summary suggested a clear division among board members; while some advocated for holding interest rates steady to evaluate the lagged impact of previous rate hikes, others pushed to maintain or even accelerate the tightening cycle, citing rising upside risks to prices. Despite members noting that Middle East tensions are weighing on economic activity, they highlighted that robust AI-related demand and a moderately recovering domestic economy continue to provide an offset.
Japan recorded its first current account deficit in 17 months in June, driven by high dividend payouts to overseas investors who have been pouring capital into domestic markets. According to Finance Ministry data released Monday, the deficit hit JPY 92.3 billion ($584.51 million), wildly missing economists' median forecast of a JPY 1.51 trillion surplus in a Reuters poll, and down sharply from a JPY 1.28 trillion surplus a year earlier.
The USD/JPY pair rises as the US Dollar (USD) continues to draw support from broad risk aversion. Geopolitical tensions remain high as the ongoing US-Iran conflict enters a critical diplomatic phase, with intense military engagements and strategic pressure surrounding the Strait of Hormuz driving market caution. Although Iranian officials noted on Sunday that Oman-mediated negotiations regarding the management of the strait are making progress, safe-haven demand for the Greenback remains firmly intact.
Fed expectations seen driving scope for lower yields
According to TD Securities, the risk of another Fed hike “lingers,” but the bank argues that upcoming inflation data could be pivotal for rate expectations. The team notes that their projections for this week’s CPI — “core and headline CPI this week (0.20% m/m and 0.15% m/m, respectively)” — would “likely lead to further pricing out of hikes.” With “the majority of the recent move higher in rates driven by Fed expectations,” TD Securities adds that “rates could move lower as hikes are priced out.”
Musalem flags persistent inflation risks as Fed bias stays hawkish
Fed’s Musalem delivered a modestly more hawkish tone, with the FXS Speechtracker score at 7.4 versus a 7.0 historical baseline, underscoring concern that inflation expectations could risk losing their anchor even as they are currently described as stable and aligned with the 2% target. Emphasis on core inflation amid energy volatility, a preference for incremental rate hikes, and an assessment that core inflation likely sits between 2.5% and 3%—alongside a stated willingness to surprise markets when needed—reinforce a bias toward tighter policy and a higher-for-longer stance. The assertion that the Dollar’s reserve status is not under threat and that the United States remains the fastest-growing, most innovative economy with strong rule of law further supports a constructive backdrop for the Dollar, especially as financial conditions are still seen as highly accommodative and many asset prices remain elevated.
The FXS Fed Sentiment Index was unchanged, moving 0.00 points to hold at a hawkish 138.69, signaling that despite the slightly above-baseline speech score, the broader policy tone remains consistently restrictive rather than newly escalated. With the index firmly above the neutral 100 mark and aligned with the elevated FXS Speechtracker reading, markets are likely to interpret Musalem’s remarks as reinforcing existing expectations for a cautious, data-dependent path that leans toward additional tightening if inflation fails to move sustainably closer to the 2% target.
(The story was corrected on August 10 at 02:40 GMT to say in the title, second bullet point, and third paragraph that Japan recorded a current account deficit, and not a narrowing surplus.)
Japanese Yen FAQs
The Japanese Yen (JPY) is one of the world’s most traded currencies. Its value is broadly determined by the performance of the Japanese economy, but more specifically by the Bank of Japan’s policy, the differential between Japanese and US bond yields, or risk sentiment among traders, among other factors.
One of the Bank of Japan’s mandates is currency control, so its moves are key for the Yen. The BoJ has directly intervened in currency markets sometimes, generally to lower the value of the Yen, although it refrains from doing it often due to political concerns of its main trading partners. The BoJ ultra-loose monetary policy between 2013 and 2024 caused the Yen to depreciate against its main currency peers due to an increasing policy divergence between the Bank of Japan and other main central banks. More recently, the gradually unwinding of this ultra-loose policy has given some support to the Yen.
Over the last decade, the BoJ’s stance of sticking to ultra-loose monetary policy has led to a widening policy divergence with other central banks, particularly with the US Federal Reserve. This supported a widening of the differential between the 10-year US and Japanese bonds, which favored the US Dollar against the Japanese Yen. The BoJ decision in 2024 to gradually abandon the ultra-loose policy, coupled with interest-rate cuts in other major central banks, is narrowing this differential.
The Japanese Yen is often seen as a safe-haven investment. This means that in times of market stress, investors are more likely to put their money in the Japanese currency due to its supposed reliability and stability. Turbulent times are likely to strengthen the Yen’s value against other currencies seen as more risky to invest in.
Author
Akhtar Faruqui
FXStreet
Akhtar Faruqui is a Forex Analyst based in New Delhi, India. With a keen eye for market trends and a passion for dissecting complex financial dynamics, he is dedicated to delivering accurate and insightful Forex news and analysis.
