India: Mixed economic signals for the oversold rupee
The economic activity data for September released over the last couple of days provides mixed signals on inflation and the external trade gap. An oversold Indian rupee (INR) position since August provides the currency with an edge to outperform in a softer US dollar environment, though there is no lasting relief in sight due to persistently high oil prices.
Mixed inflation data
September consumer price inflation of 3.8% year-on-year was yet another downside surprise, though it’s still an uptick from the 3.7% rate in August. Food prices continued to surprise. But transport has started to accelerate while most other components remained elevated, led by an 8.5% increase in utility prices.
It seems the high base-year effect is outweighing the underlying upward inflationary pressure from higher global crude prices and the weak currency. The base effect will remain in play for the rest of FY2019 (ending in March 2019), and, with the central bank's (RBI) policy driven solely by inflation, this could stave off any pressure to hike rates. However, while food has kept the headline CPI muted, inflation in all other CPI components has been on an upward trend this year (see figure).
And wholesale prices have painted a different picture to consumer prices. A spike in WPI inflation in September to 5.1% year-on-year from 4.5% in the previous month was steeper than expected. As in the CPI, food inflation continued to be low but utility inflation was in the high double-digits due to rising oil prices, which drove the headline WPI rate higher.
Higher factory gate prices will eventually be passed on to consumers.
Non-food inflation has been up
Source: Bloomberg, CEIC, ING
Narrower trade gap
The external trade deficit surprisingly narrowed to $14.0 billion in September from $17.4 billion in August. This was despite a sharp slowdown in export growth to -2.1% YoY, the first negative print since March, from 19.2% growth in August. But import growth also slowed to 10.5% from 25.4% on a broad-based slowdown in both oil and non-oil imports.
Oil imports have been falling on a month-on-month basis since July and the year-on-year growth rate has nearly halved to 34% over the same period despite firmer global crude price inflation of over 40% through September. However, after the recent spike in oil prices above $80 per barrel and with elevated geopolitical risk in gulf countries (Iran, Saudi Arabia) we anticipate no lasting relief on the trade deficit front.
The cumulative deficit of $94 billion in the first half of FY2018-19 was still $20.7 billion wider on the year, supporting our view of a widening of the current account deficit to 2.6% of GDP in the current financial year from 1.9% in the last.
Oil drives trade deficit
Source: Bloomberg, CEIC, ING
No lasting relief for INR
The Indian rupee's oversold position over the last two months provides it with an edge to outperform in a softer US dollar environment. Indeed, the INR stood alongside Asia’s best-performing Thai baht (THB) in last week’s global equity sell-off. However, the four-day downward USD/INR streak last week was snapped on Monday, a sign that the markets aren’t taking much comfort from the better activity data. And we aren’t yet ruling out an intensified spillover from the recent high oil price on to the INR, leaving our year-end USD/INR forecast at 76.5 (spot 73.8).
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Author
Prakash Sakpal
ING Economic and Financial Analysis
Prakash Sakpal is an Economist in Asia where he covers the entire region, excluding Japan. He started his career with ING in 1995 in India, moved to Hong Kong in 1998 and is now in Singapore where he has been since 2004.
