Latin America: Adding value to critical minerals beyond mining

BNP Paribas Team BNP Paribas

Reserves are concentrated in Latin America, while refining is dominated by China (2025, % of total)

High potential

The global race for artificial intelligence and the electrification of economies is leading to an increase in demand for metals. A recent study by S&P Global indicates that global electricity consumption is projected to grow by nearly 50% by 2040, fuelling a sustained rise in demand for copper, lithium, nickel, and other critical minerals. According to the International Energy Agency, demand for copper could rise by 30 to 40% by 2040, while demand for lithium could increase four- to sixfold, depending on the pace of adoption of low-carbon technologies.

Latin America possesses a significant share of the world’s critical mineral resources needed to meet this demand. However, the abundance of natural resources will not necessarily translate into accelerated economic growth in these countries.

According to data from the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), nearly 1,200 mining projects have been carried out in Latin America over the past two decades. Although critical minerals represent only around 25% of the total number of projects, they account for over 40% of the investment value, illustrating their strategic importance and capital intensity. According to the OECD, the number of lithium investment projects has increased ninefold since 2016, primarily in Argentina, followed by Chile and Brazil. Investment projects in nickel, cobalt, and rare earths have also seen substantial growth since 2020, particularly in Brazil.

Download the Full Report!

Author

BNP Paribas Team

BNP Paribas

BNP Paribas Economic Research Department is a worldwide function, part of Corporate and Investment Banking, at the service of both the Bank and its customers.

GBP/USD appears well offered near 1.3160

GBP/USD builds on Tuesday’s losses, although it now manages to pick up some pace and bounce off earlier multi-month troughs near 1.3140. The Greenback’s solid performance and continued political turmoil in the UK are keeping Cable under persistent pressure, with little sign of a meaningful recovery.

EUR/USD trims losses, hovers around 1.1350

EUR/USD now regains some composure and rebounds to the 1.1350 zone on Wednesday, partially reversing the prior pullback to fresh yearly lows near 1.1320. Meanwhile, spot remains on the back foot as the US Dollar continues to draw support from hawkish Fed expectations and uncertainty over the outcome of US-Iran peace negotiations.

Gold pressured near fresh 2026 lows

Gold accelerates its decline and gyrates around the key $4,000 mark per troy ounce on Wednesday, its lowest level since November 2025. In the meantime, tighter-for-longer Fed expectations and a broadly firmer US Dollar continue to weigh on the yellow metal, while uncertainty surrounding a potential US-Iran peace agreement has done little to revive demand for the safe haven space.

Crypto Today: Bitcoin, Ethereum, XRP trade under pressure as September Fed rate-hike odds increase

Bitcoin is trading between $62,000 and $63,000 at the time of writing on Wednesday, weighed down by headwinds stemming from macroeconomic uncertainty and geopolitical tensions in the Middle East.

5.90% to 5.45%: Why the Pound ignored the bond market’s relief rally

Keir Starmer resigned on Monday, and the Pound barely moved. That near-silence is the tell. Sterling's real driver these past four months has not been the prime minister, nor the left-leaning frontrunner lining up to replace him, but the long end of the gilt curve, which answers to a force no British politician controls.

Regime change: Inside Kevin Warsh's first move to make the Fed unreadable on purpose

The rate did not move. That was the least interesting thing about Kevin Warsh's first meeting in charge of the Fed. The FOMC held its benchmark at 3.50%-3.75% for the fourth straight meeting, exactly as priced, and then the new chair used his first press conference to dismantle the machinery the market has leaned on for a decade.