If you are just starting out in forex trading, you may be finding it hard to make sense of all of the specialized vocabulary. Even the most basic concepts can have hidden complexities – this is certainly the case with pips and spreads.
A pip does measure the change in value of a currency – it is the smallest price change that any currency can make. Most pips are equal to a 0.0001 price change. For instance, the EUR/USD currency pair price might change from 1.4030 to 1.4031 – this is a one-pip movement.
However, there is an exception to this definition of a pip. Where a currency has a low unit value, the price is only quoted to 2 decimal places, not 4. In this case, a pip is 0.01 rather than 0.0001. The best example of this is the Japanese yen – if the USD/JPY currency pair increases from 104.22 to 104.23, this is a one-pip change.
The other important thing to remember about pips is that not all pips are equal. The value of a pip is tied to the denominating currency in a currency pair. Therefore, a 100-pip rise in CAD/USD is the same as a 100-pip rise in GBP/USD – both are a rise of one US cent. However, when the denominating currency is different, then a pip does not have the same value. For instance, a 100-pip rise in USD/CHF is a rise of 1/100 of a Swiss franc, not one US cent.
Buy orders are executed at the higher ask price, while sell orders are executed at the lower bid price. This means that if a trader buys and then sells immediately, they will always lose the amount of the spread. Because of this, forex traders generally look for low spreads, since the spread is the equivalent to a tax – although a private one – on each transaction.
Of course, the money that traders lose on spreads has to go somewhere. In fact, the spread ends up with the market maker or broker – this is where they make their profits. This is also why forex trading typically doesn’t involve commissions, since the broker’s profit is already built into each trade.
What does a pip mean?
You may have come across terms such as making 400 pips of profit, which would seem to indicate that a pip is some sort of currency value. However, the situation is actually a little more complicated than that.A pip does measure the change in value of a currency – it is the smallest price change that any currency can make. Most pips are equal to a 0.0001 price change. For instance, the EUR/USD currency pair price might change from 1.4030 to 1.4031 – this is a one-pip movement.
However, there is an exception to this definition of a pip. Where a currency has a low unit value, the price is only quoted to 2 decimal places, not 4. In this case, a pip is 0.01 rather than 0.0001. The best example of this is the Japanese yen – if the USD/JPY currency pair increases from 104.22 to 104.23, this is a one-pip change.
The other important thing to remember about pips is that not all pips are equal. The value of a pip is tied to the denominating currency in a currency pair. Therefore, a 100-pip rise in CAD/USD is the same as a 100-pip rise in GBP/USD – both are a rise of one US cent. However, when the denominating currency is different, then a pip does not have the same value. For instance, a 100-pip rise in USD/CHF is a rise of 1/100 of a Swiss franc, not one US cent.
How does this relate to spreads?
When the price of any currency pair is quoted, there are actually two prices. The first is the bid price – this is how much is being offered for the currency pair. The second is the ask price – how much sellers are asking. The difference between the two is called the spread and is measured in pips.Buy orders are executed at the higher ask price, while sell orders are executed at the lower bid price. This means that if a trader buys and then sells immediately, they will always lose the amount of the spread. Because of this, forex traders generally look for low spreads, since the spread is the equivalent to a tax – although a private one – on each transaction.
Of course, the money that traders lose on spreads has to go somewhere. In fact, the spread ends up with the market maker or broker – this is where they make their profits. This is also why forex trading typically doesn’t involve commissions, since the broker’s profit is already built into each trade.
Editors’ Picks
EUR/USD: Sellers attack 1.1700 as USD stages a solid comeback
EUR/USD attacks 1.1700 amid heavy selling interest in the European trading hours on Wednesday. A solid comeback staged by the US Dollar weighs heavily on the pair, as traders look to USD short covering ahead of US CPI on Thursday. However, the downside could be capped by hawkish ECB expectations.
GBP/USD slides toward 1.3300 after softer-than-expected UK inflation data
GBP/USD has come under intense selling pressure, eyeing 1.3300 in the European session on Wednesday. The UK annual headline and core CPI rose by 3.2% each, missing estimates of 3.5% and 3.4%, respectively, reaffirming dovish BoE expectations and smashing the Pound Sterling across the board.
Japanese Yen weakens ahead of BoJ meeting; USD/JPY retakes 155.00 amid USD uptick
The Japanese Yen extends its steady intraday descent against the recovering US Dollar, pushing the USD/JPY pair back above the 155.00 psychological mark during the Asian session. Any further JPY depreciation still seems elusive in the wake of the growing acceptance that the Bank of Japan will raise interest rates at the end of a two-day policy meeting on Friday.
Editors’ Picks
GBP/USD slides toward 1.3300 after softer-than-expected UK inflation data
GBP/USD has come under intense selling pressure, eyeing 1.3300 in the European session on Wednesday. The UK annual headline and core CPI rose by 3.2% each, missing estimates of 3.5% and 3.4%, respectively, reaffirming dovish BoE expectations and smashing the Pound Sterling across the board.
EUR/USD: Sellers attack 1.1700 as USD stages a solid comeback
EUR/USD attacks 1.1700 amid heavy selling interest in the European trading hours on Wednesday. A solid comeback staged by the US Dollar weighs heavily on the pair, as traders look to USD short covering ahead of US CPI on Thursday. However, the downside could be capped by hawkish ECB expectations.
Gold: Bulls await breakout through multi-day-old range amid Fed rate cut bets
Gold attracts fresh buyers during the Asian session on Wednesday, though it remains confined in a multi-day-old trading range amid mixed fundamental cues. The global risk sentiment remains on the defensive amid economic woes and fears of the AI bubble burst. Moreover, dovish US Federal Reserve expectations lend support to the non-yielding yellow metal, though a modest US Dollar uptick might cap any further appreciating move.
Bitcoin, Ethereum and Ripple extend correction as bearish momentum builds
Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Ripple remain under pressure as the broader market continues its corrective phase into midweek. The weak price action of these top three cryptocurrencies by market capitalization suggests a deeper correction, as momentum indicators are beginning to tilt bearish.
Ukraine-Russia in the spotlight once again
Since the start of the week, gold’s price has moved lower, but has yet to erase the gains made last week. In today’s report we intend to focus on the newest round of peace talks between Russia and Ukraine, whilst noting the release of the US Employment data later on day and end our report with an update in regards to the tensions brewing in Venezuela.
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