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Money, money, money

Fri, Oct 3 2008, 14:53 GMT
by Danske Research Team

Danske Bank A/S


A key issue in the financial crisis at the moment is the tensions in the money markets. This is evident in the sharp rise in money market rates seen in recent weeks around the world - not least in the US.

The trigger for the renewed tensions was the bank-ruptcy of Lehman Brothers on 14 September. This had several implications. First, perceived counterparty risk went up as fears of other bankruptcies swept through the system. Banks therefore became even more reluc-tant to lend money to other banks. Second, the collapse of Lehman Brothers led to big losses for the oldest US money market fund, Reserve Primary MMF, which "broke the buck". This means that investors experi-enced real losses on funds invested in the Reserve Primary MMF, as net asset value went below USD1. This was the first time since 1994 that a money mar-ket fund had broken the buck. The incident led to a flight of money out of money market funds in the US.

Money market funds are a crucial provider of liquidity to financial institutions through their purchase of Commercial Paper (CP) from financial institutions. CPs are obligations of short maturity used to raise liquidity by companies. However, the flight from money market funds reduced the capital in these for purchasing CPs, and at the same time it made the funds much more conservative, shifting their demand for assets from CPs to safe US T-bills. The shift is apparent in the out-standing volume of US CPs to financials, which has come down rapidly in recent weeks (see middle chart). Financial institutions are therefore finding it much harder to raise liquidity in the CP market. These ten-sions could lead to a negative spiral, as counterparty risk goes up even further when liquidity scarcer.


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